A formation of an experimental business in food processing of agricultural type in Russia in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries 

Sergey A. Rogatko, Candidate of historical sciences, member of the Russian National Committee for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (14 Baltiyskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: rogatko1@yandex.ru 

93/94 

DOI

10.21685/2072-3024-2021-4-12 

Background. Actuality of the subject under discussion is defined by historical importance of origin and development of experimental business in food processing of agricultural type in Russia in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. The novelty of this study consists of creation of a new methodological approach to the subject under discussion: from reviling the first attempts to organize in 70–80th years of 19th century by agricultural societies of the first local agricultural experimental facilities till research of regional and branch principles in development of experiment activity in food processing of agricultural type. The purpose of this study is to show the basic principles of experiment facilities creation with the help of systematic analysis, their transformation, as well as the leading role of the regional principle in distribution of experiment activity in food processing over the branch principle. Materials and methods. The basics of this study are documents of the Main Department of Land Management and Agriculture, legal acts, as well as materials of All-Russian Society of Sugar Producers under South-Russia Society of promotion to land cultivation and agricultural industry. The methodological basics of this study was made by principles of all-science and main historical methods of research. Along with the mentioned methods the author actively applied problem-spotting method, chrono-logic, analytic and comparative methods regarding conditions of different types of experi-ment facilities in agricultural type food processing. Results. The results of this study in the format of historical experience may be used for practical activity of the modern experiment, as well as for scientific and educational segments in food processing industry branches. Conclusions. The main conclusions of conducted research are the statements that experimental facilities in Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries were developed mainly based on so called regional principle, rather than sec-toral. Random, system-less, in some case discret type were proper to development of experiment activity in most types of agricultural type food processing. Sometimes with predo-minance of control functions as it was in dairy farming. The main reason of such condition was in priority which ministerial officials and big land lords of agricultural industry with its net of institutions (farms, stations, breeding center, laboratories end others) in food processing sectors of agricultural type. The main results in creation on the system of experimental facilities were achieved in sugar beet industry. The special role in this process be-longed to impact of experimental sugar beet fields on receipt of high-yielding raw materi-als, but on emergence of waste-less technologies in sugar beet industry. 

Key words

experimental facilities of agricultural type, regional principle, branch experimental facilities, net of experimental fields in sugar beet processing branch 

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